Linux数据盘分区以及格式化
首先切换到root账户下
1 | sudo -i |
查看数据盘信息
登录Linux云主机后，使用命令fdisk -l查看数据盘相关信息。
使用命令
df -h是无法查看到未分区和格式化的数据盘的。
[root@iZwe12zdi799668qfxdm5oZ ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 40G 1.5G 36G 4% /
devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 392K 3.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 783M 0 783M 0% /run/user/0
[root@iZwe12zdi799668qfxdm5oZ ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0008fd2d
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 83886079 41942016 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
[root@iZwe12zdi799668qfxdm5oZ ~]#
fdisk分区（最大支持2T）
数据盘分区
接第2章节，看到需要分区的数据盘后。执行以下命令，对数据盘进行分区。
1 | fdisk /dev/vdb |
按照界面的提示，依次输入“n”(新建分区)、“p”(新建扩展分区)、“1”(使用第1个主分区)，两次回车(使用默认配置)，输入“w”(保存分区表)，开始分区。
[root@iZwe12zdi799668qfxdm5oZ ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x6ea9e5ce.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-209715199, default 209715199):
Using default value 209715199
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@iZwe12zdi799668qfxdm5oZ ~]#
查看新分区
使用命令fdisk -l，即可查看到，新的分区vdb1已经创建完成。
[root@iZwe12zdi799668qfxdm5oZ ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0008fd2d
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 83886079 41942016 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x6ea9e5ce
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 209715199 104856576 83 Linux
[root@iZwe12zdi799668qfxdm5oZ ~]#
格式化新分区
使用下面的命令对新分区进行格式化：
1 | mkfs.ext3 /dev/vdb1 |
在进行分区格式化时，开发者可自行决定文件系统的格式，如ext2、ext3等，这里我们选择ext3。
格式化完成后如下：
[root@iZwe12zdi799668qfxdm5oZ ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/vdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
6553600 inodes, 26214144 blocks
1310707 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
800 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
[root@iZwe12zdi799668qfxdm5oZ ~]#
挂载新分区
使用下面的命令，先创建fimeson目录（目录名可自定义），再手动挂载新分区，最后查看挂载结果。
1 | mkdir /fimeson |
出现以下信息说明挂载成功，即可以查看到数据盘了。
[root@iZwe12zdi799668qfxdm5oZ ~]# mkdir /fimeson
[root@iZwe12zdi799668qfxdm5oZ ~]# mount /dev/vdb1 /fimeson
[root@iZwe12zdi799668qfxdm5oZ ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda1 40G 1.5G 36G 4% /
devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 368K 3.9G 1% /run
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 783M 0 783M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/vdb1 99G 60M 94G 1% /fimeson
[root@iZwe12zdi799668qfxdm5oZ ~]#
添加分区信息
如果希望云主机在重启或开机时能自动挂载数据盘，必须将分区信息添加到/etc/fstab中。如果没有添加，则云主机重启或开机后，都不能自动挂载数据盘。
注意：请确认分区路径是否为 “/dev/vdb1”，若路径错误，将会造成云主机重启失败
使用下面的命令添加分区信息，最后查看添加结果：
1 | echo '/dev/vdb1 /fimeson ext3 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab |
1 | cat /etc/fstab |
出现以下信息表示添加分区信息成功。
[root@iZwe12zdi799668qfxdm5oZ ~]# echo '/dev/vdb1 /fimeson ext3 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
[root@iZwe12zdi799668qfxdm5oZ ~]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Fri Jun 2 07:36:28 2017
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=83e59f2d-45ce-4124-939a-3302e6cc6afa / ext4 defaults 1 1
/dev/vdb1 /fimeson ext3 defaults 0 0
[root@iZwe12zdi799668qfxdm5oZ ~]#
parted分区（支持2T以上）
数据盘分区
接第2章节，看到需要分区的数据盘后。依次执行下面命令：
1 | parted /dev/sdc |
1 | mklabel gpt |
1 |
1 | mkpart primary 0KB 3299GB |
1 | Yes |
1 | i |
1 |
1 | quit |
整体执行结果如下：
ftp:~ # parted /dev/sdc
GNU Parted 3.2
Using /dev/sdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt
Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdc will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue?
Yes/No? Yes
(parted) print
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 3299GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
(parted) mkpart primary 0KB 3299GB
Warning: You requested a partition from 0.00B to 3299GB (sectors 0..6442450943).
The closest location we can manage is 17.4kB to 3299GB (sectors 34..6442450910).
Is this still acceptable to you?
Yes/No? Yes
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? i
(parted) print
Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 3299GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 3299GB 3299GB primary
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
查看新分区
1 | fdisk -l |
结果如下：
Disk /dev/sdc: 3 TiB, 3298534883328 bytes, 6442450944 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 09E8A9B1-0BF5-4801-98C1-0211C39B8EF9
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sdc1 34 6442450910 6442450877 3T Linux filesystem
格式化新分区
1 | mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1 |
结果如下：
mke2fs 1.43.8 (1-Jan-2018)
Creating filesystem with 805306359 4k blocks and 201326592 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 1c69270c-532f-4ad3-a922-e922abcdbf58
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
You have new mail in /var/mail/root
挂载新分区
1 | mkdir /wzyb |
1 | mount /dev/sdc1 /wzyb |
1 | df -h |
结果如下：
/dev/sdc1 3.0T 89M 2.9T 1% /wzyb
添加分区信息
1 | echo '/dev/sdc1 /wzyb ext4 defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab |
1 | cat /etc/fstab |
结果如下：
/dev/sdc1 /wzyb ext4 defaults 0 0
检查
保证添加分区信息无误后，重启操作系统，使用 df -h 命令查看结果。